These styles are associated with the houses, churches and government buildings of the period between about through landscape design for colonial house theory 19th century. Several relatively distinct regional styles of colonial architecture are recognized in the United States. Building styles in the 13 colonies were influenced by techniques and styles from England, as well as traditions brought by settlers from other parts of Europe.
In New England, 17th-century colonial houses were built primarily from wood, following styles found in the southeastern counties of England.
Dutch Colonial structures, built primarily in the Hudson River Valley, Long Island, and northern New Jersey, reflected construction styles from Holland and Flanders and used stone and brick more extensively than buildings in New England.
In Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas, a style called "Southern Colonial" is recognized, characterized by the hall and parlor and central-passage house types, which often had large chimneys projecting from the gable-ends of the house.
Along the lower Delaware River, Swedish colonial settlers introduced the log cabin to America. A style sometimes called Pennsylvania colonial appeared later after landscape design for colonial house theory incorporates Georgian architectural influences.
A Pennsylvania Dutch style is recognized in parts of southeastern Pennsylvania that were settled by German immigrants in the 18th century. Bedrooms: 2 Baths: 1 Stories: 1 Width: 30'-0" Depth: 48'-0". Basement Floor Plans. Bedrooms: 3 Baths: 2 Stories: 2 Width: 28'-0" Depth: 45'-0". Bedrooms: 2 Baths: 1 Stories: 2 Width: 43'-0" Depth: 30'-0".
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Hudson River Park. April 3, Retrieved May 12, November 17, The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 17, September 13, ISSN Retrieved September 14, October 25, Retrieved October 26, Retrieved June 24, January 17, Retrieved August 4, The Villager Newspaper.
February 21, Retrieved December 9, Chelsea Piers. Retrieved May 23, Fordham University Press. The Hudson Through the Years. The Villager. June 26, May 21, Daily News. Retrieved June 3, November 7, National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 28 July Retrieved 26 January The Port of New York, N.
Port series. Government Printing Office. City Room. Archived from the original on February 22, Retrieved January 29, August 13, The Long Corridor at the Summer Palace is meters long.
It was built so the emperor could walk through the garden protected from the elements. Gardens of the Chengde Mountain Resort , the imperial villa in the mountains � Keyuan garden in Guangdong Province, A Chinese garden was not meant to be seen all at once; the plan of a classical Chinese garden [26] presented the visitor with a series of perfectly composed and framed glimpses of scenery; a view of a pond, or of a rock, or a grove of bamboo, a blossoming tree, or a view of a distant mountain peak or a pagoda.
The 16th-century Chinese writer and philosopher Ji Cheng instructed garden builders to "hide the vulgar and the common as far as the eye can see, and include the excellent and the splendid.
Some early Western visitors to the imperial Chinese gardens felt they were chaotic, crowded with buildings in different styles, without any seeming order. Everything is in good taste, and so well arranged, that there is not a single view from which all the beauty can be seen; you have to see it piece by piece.
Chinese classical gardens varied greatly in size. The largest garden in Suzhou, the Humble Administrator's Garden , was a little over ten hectares in area, with one fifth of the garden occupied by the pond. Ji Cheng built a garden for Wu Youyu, the Treasurer of Jinling , that was just under one hectare in size, and the tour of the garden was only four hundred steps long from the entrance to the last viewing point, but Wu Youyu said it contained all the marvels of the province in a single place.
The classical garden was surrounded by a wall, usually painted white, which served as a pure backdrop for the flowers and trees. A pond of water was usually located in the center. Many structures, large and small, were arranged around the pond.
In the garden described by Ji Cheng above, the structures occupied two-thirds of the hectare, while the garden itself occupied the other third. In a scholar garden the central building was usually a library or study, connected by galleries with other pavilions which served as observation points of the garden features.
These structures also helped divide the garden into individual scenes or landscapes. The other essential elements of a scholar garden were plants, trees, and rocks, all carefully composed into small perfect landscapes. Chinese gardens are filled with architecture; halls, pavilions, temples, galleries, bridges, kiosks, and towers, occupying a large part of the space.
The Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou has forty-eight structures, including a residence, several halls for family gatherings and entertainment, eighteen pavilions for viewing different features of the garden, and an assortment of towers, galleries, and bridges, all designed for seeing different parts of the gardens from different points of view. Pavilions might be located where the dawn can best be watched, where the moonlight shines on the water, where autumn foliage is best seen, where the rain can best be heard on the banana leaves, or where the wind whistles through the bamboo stalks.
They are sometimes attached to the wall of another building or sometimes stood by themselves at view points of the garden, by a pond or at the top of a hill. They often are open on three sides. The names of the pavilions in Chinese gardens express the view or experience they offer the visitor:. Gardens also often feature two-story towers lou or ge , usually at the edge of the garden, with a lower story made of stone and a whitewashed upper story, two-thirds the height of the ground floor, which provided a view from above of certain parts of the garden or the distant scenery.
Some gardens have a picturesque stone pavilion in the form of a boat, located in the pond. These generally had three parts; a kiosk with winged gables at the front, a more intimate hall in the center, and a two-story structure with a panoramic view of the pond at the rear.
Galleries lang are narrow covered corridors which connect the buildings, protect the visitors from the rain and sun, and also help divide the garden into different sections. These galleries are rarely straight; they zigzag or are serpentine, following the wall of the garden, the edge of the pond, or climbing the Landscape Design For Bungalow House Youtube hill of the rock garden.
They have small windows, sometimes round or in odd geometric shapes, to give glimpses of the garden or scenery to those passing through. Windows and doors are an important architectural feature of the Chinese garden. Sometimes they are round moon windows or a moon gate or oval, hexagonal or octagonal, or in the shape of a vase or a piece of fruit.
Sometimes they have highly ornamental ceramic frames. The window may carefully frame a branch of a pine tree, or a plum tree in blossom, or another intimate garden scene. Bridges are another common feature of the Chinese garden. Like the galleries, they are rarely straight, but zigzag called the Nine-turn bridges or arch over the ponds, suggesting the bridges of rural China, and providing view points of the garden.
Bridges are often built from rough timber or stone-slab raised pathways. Some gardens have brightly painted or lacquered bridges, which give a lighthearted feeling to the garden.
Gardens also often include small, austere houses for solitude and meditation, sometimes in the form of rustic fishing huts, and isolated buildings which serve as libraries or studios shufang. It was designed to create a rainbow-shaped reflection in the pond.
A pavilion with a fan-shaped viewing window in the pond of the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou. Long gallery for viewing the lotus pond at the Prince Gong Mansion in Beijing. The artificial mountain jiashan or rock garden is an integral element of Chinese classical gardens.
The mountain peak was a symbol of virtue, stability and endurance in Confucian philosophy and in the I Ching. These rocks, of limestone sculpted by erosion, became the most highly prized for gardens. During the Song dynasty , the artificial mountains were made mostly of earth. During the Qing dynasty , the Ming rock gardens were considered too artificial and the new mountains were composed of both rocks and earth.
The artificial mountain in Chinese gardens today usually has a small view pavilion at the summit. In smaller classical gardens, a single scholar rock represents a mountain, or a row of rocks represents a mountain range.
Rock garden of the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty. A pond or lake is the central element of a Chinese garden. The main buildings are usually placed beside it, and pavilions surround the lake to see it from different points of view. The garden usually has a pond for lotus flowers, with a special pavilion for viewing them.
There are usually goldfish in the pond, with pavilions over the water for viewing them. The lake or pond has an important symbolic role in the garden. In the I Ching , water represents lightness and communication, and carried the food of life on its journey through the valleys and plains. It also is the complement to the mountain, the other central element of the garden, and represents dreams and the infinity of spaces. The shape of the garden pond often hides the edges of the pond from viewers on the other side, giving the illusion that the pond goes on to infinity.
The softness of the water contrasts with the solidity of the rocks. The water reflects the sky, and therefore is constantly changing, but even a gentle wind can soften or erase the reflections.
The lakes and waterside pavilions in Chinese gardens were also influenced by another classic of Chinese literature, the Shishuo Xinyu by Liu Yiqing � , who described the promenades of the Emperor Jianwen of Jin along the banks of the Hao and the Pu River, in the Garden of the Splendid Forest Hualin yuan.
Many gardens, particularly in the gardens of Jiangnan and the imperial gardens of northern China, have features and names taken from this work. Small gardens have a single lake, with a rock garden, plants and structures around its edge.
Middle-sized gardens will have a single lake with one or more streams coming into the lake, with bridges crossing the streams, or a single long lake divided into two bodies of water by a narrow channel crossed by a bridge. In a very large garden like the Humble Administrator's Garden , the principal feature of the garden is the large lake with its symbolic islands, symbolizing the isles of the immortals.
Streams come into the lake, forming additional scenes. Numerous structures give different views of the water, including a stone boat, a covered bridge, and several pavilions by the side of or over the water.
Some gardens created the impression of lakes by places smooth areas of white sand, bordered by rocks, in courtyards. In the moonlight these looked like real lakes. This style of 'dry garden' was later imported into Japan and transformed into the zen garden. The streams in the Chinese garden always follow a winding course, and are hidden from time to time by rocks or vegetation.
A French Jesuit missionary, Father Attiret, who was a painter in the service of the Qianlong Emperor from to , described one garden he saw:. Pond and viewing pavilion in the Humble Administrator's Garden, in Suzhou. Flowers and trees, along with water, rocks and architecture, are the fourth essential element of the Chinese garden.
They represent nature in its most vivid form, and contrast with the straight lines of the architecture and the permanence, sharp edges and immobility of the rocks. They change continually with the seasons, and provide both sounds the sound of rain on banana leaves or the wind in the bamboo and aromas to please the visitor. Each flower and tree in the garden had its own symbolic meaning.
They were often painted together by artists like Zhao Mengjian � For scholars, the pine was the emblem of longevity and tenacity, as well as constance in friendship. The bamboo, a hollow straw, represented a wise man, modest and seeking knowledge, and was also noted for being flexible in a storm without breaking. Plum trees were revered as the symbol of rebirth after the winter and the arrival of spring. During the Song dynasty , the favorite tree was the winter plum tree, appreciated for its early pink and white blossoms and sweet aroma.
The peach tree in the Chinese garden symbolized longevity and immortality. This story said that in Xi Wangmu's legendary orchard, peach trees flowered only after three thousand years, did not produce fruit for another three thousand years, and did not ripen for another three thousand years.
Those who ate these peaches became immortal. This legendary orchard was pictured in many Chinese paintings, and inspired many garden scenes. The word 'pear' was also a homophone for 'quit' or separate,' and it was considered bad luck to cut a pear, for it would lead to the breakup of a friendship or romance. The pear tree could also symbolize a long friendship or romance, since the tree lived a long time.
The apricot tree symbolized the way of the mandarin , or the government official. During the Tang dynasty, those who passed the imperial examination were rewarded with the banquet in the garden of the apricot trees, or Xingyuan. The fruit of the pomegranate tree was offered to young couples so they would have male children and numerous descendants. The willow tree represented the friendship and the pleasures of life.
Guests were offered willow branches as a symbol of friendship. Of the flowers in the Chinese garden, the most appreciated were the orchid , peony , and lotus Nelumbo nucifera. During the Tang dynasty , the peony, the symbol of opulence and a flower with a delicate fragrance, was the most celebrated flower in the garden.
The poet Zhou Dunyi wrote a famous elegy to the lotus, comparing it to a junzi , a man who possessed integrity and balance.
The orchid was the symbol of nobility, and of impossible love, as in the Chinese expression "a faraway orchid in a lonely valley. The chrysanthemum was elegized the poet Tao Yuanming , who surrounded his hermit's hut with the flower, and wrote a famous verse:. The creators of the Chinese garden were careful to preserve the natural appearance of the landscape.
Trimming and root pruning, if done at all, tried to preserve the natural form. Dwarf trees that were gnarled and ancient-looking were particularly prized in the miniature landscapes of Chinese gardens. Plum blossoms Prunus mume in the Plum Garden , Jiangsu. Lotus blossom Nelumbo nucifera.
The lotus pond in Humble Administrator's Garden. According to Ji Cheng's 16th century book Yuanye , "The Craft of Gardens," "borrowing scenery" jiejing was the most important thing of a garden.
This could mean using scenes outside the garden, such as a view of distant mountains or the trees in the neighboring garden, to create the illusion that garden was much bigger than it was. The most famous example was the mist-shrouded view of the North Temple Pagoda in Suzhou, seen in the distance over the pond of the Humble Administrator's Garden. But, as Ji Cheng wrote, it could also be "the immaculate ribbon of a stream, animals, birds, fish, or other natural elements rain, wind, snow , or something less tangible, such as a moonbeam, a reflection in a lake, morning mist, or the red sky of a sunset.
The season and the time of day were also important elements. Garden designers took into account the scenes of the garden that would look best in winter, summer, spring and autumn, and those best viewed at night, in the morning or afternoon. Ji Cheng wrote: "In the heart of the tumult of the city, you should choose visions that are serene and refined: from a raised clearing, you look to the distant horizon, surrounded by mountains like a screen; in an open pavilion, a gentle and light breeze invades the room; from the front door, the running water of spring flows toward the marsh.
Actually borrowing scenery is the conclusive, last chapter of Yuanye that explains borrowing scenery as a holistic understanding of the essence of landscape design in its entirety. The ever-changing moods and appearances of nature in a given landscape in full action are understood by the author as an independent function that becomes an agent for garden making.
It is nature including the garden maker that creates. Another important garden element was concealment and surprise. The garden was not meant to be seen all at once, it was laid out to present a series of scenes. Visitors moved from scene to scene either within enclosed galleries or by winding paths which concealed the scenes until the last moment.
The scenes would suddenly appear at the turn of a path, through a window, or hidden behind a screen of bamboo. They might be revealed through round "moon doors" or through windows of unusual shapes, or windows with elaborate lattices that broke the view into pieces. The garden plays an important part in Chinese art and literature, and at the same time art and literature have inspired many gardens.
The school of painting called " Shanshui " literally 'mountains and water' and with the actual meaning of 'landscape' , which began in the 5th century, established the principles of Chinese landscape painting, which were very similar to those of Chinese gardening.
These paintings were not meant to be realistic; they were meant to portray what the artist felt, rather than what he saw. The landscape painter Shitao � wrote that he wanted to "' That is the vertigo that exists in the natural universe. To express it in painting, you must show jagged peaks, precipices, hanging bridges, great chasms. For the effect to be truly marvelous, it must be done purely by the force of the brush. In his book, Craft of Gardens , the garden designer Ji Cheng wrote: "The spirit and the charm of mountains and forests must be studied in depth; The spirit rejoices at the mountains and ravines.
Suddenly the spirit, detached from the world of small things, is animated and seems to penetrate to the interior of a painting, and to promenade there In literature, gardens were frequently the subject of the genre of poetry called "Tianyuan", literally 'fields and gardens,' which reached its peak in the Tang dynasty � with such poets as Wang Wei � Wang Wei � was a poet, painter and Buddhist monk, who worked first as a court official before retiring to Lantian , where he built one of the first wenren yuan , or scholar's gardens, called the Valley of the Jante.
In this garden, a series of twenty scenes, like the paintings of a scroll or album, unrolled before the viewer, each illustrated by a verse of poetry. For example, one scene illustrated this poem:. The Valley of the Jante garden disappeared, but its memory, preserved in paintings and poems, inspired many other scholar's gardens.
The social and cultural importance of the garden is illustrated in the classical novel Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin which unfolds almost exclusively in a garden. The Chinese classical garden had multiple functions. It could be used for banquets, celebrations, reunions, or romance.
Lavish mansions of Europe inspired the opulent architecture of America's Gilded Age. Architect Richard Morris Hunt , who had studied in France in the s, Colonial House Landscape Design Ideas 09 is largely credited with introducing wealthy Americans to Europe's lavish styles. Elaborate mansions became a showy display of American affluence. Chateauesque houses have many of these features:. Rambling and asymmetrical, Shingle Style homes became popular first along North America's Atlantic coast.
They were often built as summer homes for America's growing upper class. Architect and author John Milnes Baker categorizes the Shingle Style as one of three Indigenous Styles�architecture native to the values and landscape of America. After the Civil War, the United States was developing its wealth, world stature, and patriotism. It was time to develop an architecture. Expressing American patriotism and a return to classical architectural styles, Colonial Revival became a standard style in the 20th century.
Colonial Revival houses' features include:. About the Colonial Revival Style. Colonial Revival became a popular American house style after it appeared at the the U. Centennial Exposition. Reflecting American patriotism and a desire for simplicity, the Colonial Revival house style remained popular until the mids.
Some architectural historians say that Colonial Revival is a Victorian-style; others believe that the Colonial Revival style marked the end of the Victorian period in architecture.
The Colonial Revival style is based loosely on Federal and Georgian house styles and a clear reaction against excessively elaborate Victorian Queen Anne architecture. Eventually, the simple, symmetrical Colonial Revival style became incorporated into the Foursquare and Bungalow house styles of the early 20th century.
Refined, orderly, and symmetrical, Neoclassical houses borrow ideas from Classical Greece and Rome. The word "Neoclassical" is often used to describe an architectural style, but Neoclassicism is not actually any one distinct style. Neoclassicism is a trend, or approach to design, that can describe several very different styles. Regardless of the style, a Neoclassical house is always symmetrical with windows equally balanced on each side of the door.
Neoclassical houses often have columns and pediments. A Neoclassical house may resemble any of these historic styles:. Antebellum houses are often Neoclassical. The same Beaux Arts styling used for palaces and imposing public buildings found its way into grand mansions for the very wealthy. Houses using Beaux Arts styling would incorporate symmetry, formal design, grandiosity, and elaborate ornamentation.
Other characteristics might include:. Heavy chimneys and decorative half-timbering give Tudor style houses a Medieval flavor. The Tudor style is sometimes called Medieval Revival. The name Tudor suggests that these houses were built in the s, during the Tudor Dynasty in England. But of course, Tudor houses in the United States are modern-day re-inventions and are more accurately called Tudor Revival or Medieval Revival. Some Tudor Revival houses mimic humble Medieval cottages.
They may even include a false thatched roof. Other Tudor Revival homes suggest Medieval palaces. They may have overlapping gables, parapets , and beautifully patterned brick or stonework.
These historic details combine with Victorian or Craftsman flourishes. As in many Queen Anne and Stick style homes, Tudor style houses often feature striking decorative timbers.
These timbers hint at�but do not reproduce�Medieval construction techniques. In Medieval houses, the timber framing was integral with the structure. Tudor Revival houses, however, merely suggest the structural framework with false half-timbering. This decorative woodwork comes in different designs, with stucco or patterned brick between the timbers. The main square in Chester, England is surrounded by lavish Victorian Tudors that stand unapologetically alongside authentic medieval buildings.
In the United States, Tudor styling takes on a variety of forms ranging from elaborate mansions to modest suburban homes with mock masonry veneers. The style became enormously popular in the s and s, and modified versions became fashionable in the s and s. One popular housing type inspired by Tudor ideas is the Cotswold Cottage. These quaint homes have an imitation thatched roof, massive chimneys, an uneven sloping roof, small window panes, and low doors.
Tudor style homes features include. With roots in the pastoral Cotswold region of England, the picturesque Tudor Cottage style may remind you of a cozy storybook house. The small, fanciful Tudor Cottage is a popular subtype of the Tudor Revival house style. This quaint English country style resembles cottages built since medieval times in the Cotswold region of southwestern England.
A fascination for medieval styles inspired American architects to create modern versions of the rustic homes. The Tudor Cottage style became especially popular in the United States during the s and s. The picturesque Tudor Cottage is usually asymmetrical with a steep, complex roofline. The floor plan tends to include small, irregularly-shaped rooms, and the upper rooms have sloping walls with dormers. The home may have a sloping slate or cedar roof that mimics the look of thatch.
A massive chimney often dominates either the front or one side of the house. Tudor Cottage features include:. Historic mission churches built by Spanish colonists inspired the turn-of-the-century house style known as Mission, Spanish Mission, Mission Revival, or California Mission. Denver architect Frederick J. Sterner built the house in for William Lennox, a wealthy businessman. The room house has become desirable student housing on campus.
About Mission Revival Style. Celebrating the architecture of Spanish settlers , Mission Revival style houses usually have arched dormers and roof parapets.
Some resemble old Spanish mission churches with bell towers and elaborate arches. The earliest Mission-style homes were built in California. The style spread eastward, but most Spanish Mission homes are located in the southwestern states. Deeply shaded porches and dark interiors make these homes particularly suited for warmer climates.
By the s, architects were combining Mission styling with features from other movements. Mission houses often have details from these popular styles:. Frank Lloyd Wright transformed the American home when he began to design "Prairie" style houses with low horizontal lines and open interior spaces. Frank Lloyd Wright believed that rooms in Victorian-era homes were boxed-in and confining.
He began to design houses with low horizontal lines and open interior spaces. Rooms were often divided by leaded glass panels. Furniture was either built-in or specially designed. The first Prairie houses were usually plaster with wood trim or sided with horizontal board and batten. Later Prairie homes used concrete block. Prairie homes can have many shapes: square, L-shaped, T-shaped, Y-shaped, and even pinwheel-shaped.
Many other architects designed Prairie homes, and the style was popularized by pattern books. The popular American Foursquare style, sometimes called the Prairie Box, shared many features with the Prairie style.
Wright believed these stripped-down houses represented the democratic ideals of the United States. Prairie style features include:. The boxy foursquare shape provided roomy interiors for homes on small city lots. The simple, square shape also made the Foursquare style especially practical for mail-order house kits from Sears and other catalog companies.
American Foursquare features include:. Creative builders often dressed up the basic foursquare form. Although foursquare houses are always the same square shape, they can have features borrowed from any of these styles:. During the s, John Ruskin , William Morris , Philip Webb , and other English designers and thinkers launched the Arts and Crafts Movement, which celebrated handicrafts and encouraged the use of simple forms and natural materials.
The name "Craftsman" comes from the title of a popular magazine published by the famous furniture designer, Gustav Stickley, between and A true Craftsman house is one that is built according to plans published in Stickley's magazine. But other magazines, pattern books, and mail-order house catalogs began to publish plans for houses with Craftsman-like details. Soon the word "Craftsman" came to mean any house that expressed Arts and Crafts ideals, most especially the simple, economical, and extremely popular Bungalow.
Arts and Crafts, or Craftsman, features include:. Craftsman Styles. A Craftsman house is often a Bungalow, but many other styles can have Arts and Crafts, or Craftsman, features. The word bungalow is often used for any small 20th century home that uses space efficiently.
However, there are particular features associated with bungalow architecture in the United States. California Bungalows, Craftsman Bungalows, and Chicago Bungalows are just a few of the varieties of the popular American Bungalow form. American Bungalow features include:. The Bungalow is an all American housing type, but it has its roots in India.
In the province of Bengal, single-family homes were called bangla or bangala. British colonists adapted these one-story thatch-roofed huts to use as summer homes. The space-efficient floor plan of bungalow houses may have also been inspired by army tents and rural English cottages. The idea was to cluster the kitchen, dining area, bedrooms, and bathroom around a central living area.
The first American house to be called a bungalow was designed in by William Gibbons Preston. Built at Monument Beach on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, the two-story house had the informal air of resort architecture.
But this house was much larger and more elaborate than the homes most think of when they use the term Bungalow. Their most famous project was the huge Craftsman-style Gamble house in Pasadena, California. However, the Green brothers also published more modest Bungalow plans in many magazines and pattern books.
Because they are built with adobe , Pueblo homes are sometimes called Adobes. Modern Pueblos are inspired by homes used by indigenous peoples since ancient times. Pueblo Revival homes imitate the ancient earthen homes of the Pueblo Culture in the American Southwest.
Since ancient times, Pueblo Indians built large, multi-family houses, which the Spanish called pueblos villages. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Spanish made their own Pueblo homes, but they adapted the style. They formed the adobe into sun-dried building blocks. After stacking the blocks, the Spaniards covered them with protective layers of mud. Pueblo Revival houses became popular in the early s, mainly in California and the southwestern United States.
During the s, aviation pioneer Glenn Curtiss and his partner James Bright introduced their own version of Pueblo Revival architecture to Florida. In the region that is now Miami Springs, Curtiss and Bright built an entire development of thick-walled buildings made of wood frame or concrete block.
Modern-day Pueblo homes are often made with concrete blocks or other materials covered with adobe, stucco, plaster, or mortar. Pueblo features include:. Pueblo Revival homes may also have these Spanish influences:. French Eclectic homes combine a variety of influences from the architecture of France. The cottage pictured above is an example of a home inspired by the Provincial styles of the French countryside and the French Colonial styles found in the Louisiana area of the United States.
Common features include hipped roofs sometimes in complex arrangements, indicative of advancements in construction methods , stucco siding, and a non-rigid symmetry in design. French Eclectic homes are found throughout the United States and most date from the s. Eclectic is a term used to describe a style that combines features of many other styles.
It is an apt description of this exciting period of population growth in the United States when America was beginning to visualize in architecture what it means to be a "melting pot" of cultures. The Monterey Style was born in 19th century California, but its popularity expanded throughout a growing 20th century United States.
The simple yet regal design became popular with the less-than-rich but well-to-do class of Americans. Distinct characteristics are associated with the house style. Two Stories. Second-Story Porch Balcony Overhang. Low-Pitched Roof. Twentieth-century Monterey Revival is often more Spanish-flavored in the early years � and more Colonial-inspired in the later years � With the sleek appearance of a modern machine, Art Moderne or, Streamline Moderne, houses expressed the spirit of a technological age.
The terms are often used to describe a variation on Art Deco architecture. As in Art Deco, Art Moderne buildings emphasize simple geometric forms. There are, however, important differences. Art Moderne may also go by these names:. Art Moderne houses have many of these features:. The sleek Art Moderne style originated in the Bauhaus movement, which began in Germany. Bauhaus architects wanted to use the principles of classical architecture in their purest form, designing simple, useful structures without ornamentation or excess.
Building shapes were based on curves, triangles, and cones. Bauhaus ideas spread worldwide and led to the International Style in the United States. Art Moderne art, architecture, and fashion became popular just as the more highly decorative Art Deco style was falling out of favor. Many products produced during the s, from architecture to jewelry to kitchen appliances, expressed the new Art Moderne ideals.
Art Moderne truly reflected the spirit of the early and mid century. Expressing excitement over technological advancements, high-speed transportation, and innovative new construction techniques, Art Modern design was highlighted at the World's Fair in Chicago.
For homeowners, Art Moderne homes were also practical because these simple dwellings were so easy and economical to build. But the Art Moderne or Streamline Moderne style was also favored for chic homes of the very wealthy.
For those of more humble means, there was the Art Moderne Bungalow. Although some argue that these houses have no "style" whatsoever, this simple design was appropriate for a country recovering from a Great Depression and anticipating World War II.
Sometimes called a Minimal Modern style, these cottage homes are more "squat" than the steep-roofed Tudor or Tudor Cottage that came before it, and more "cramped" than the breezy, open-air Ranch Style that came after. The Minimal Traditional house style expresses a modern tradition with minimal decoration. Minimal Traditional houses have many of these features:. One-story Ranch Style homes are so simple, some critics say they have no style.
But there's more than meets the eye to the classic suburban Ranch Style house. Ranch Style features include:. Contemporary Ranch Style homes are often accented with details borrowed from Mediterranean or Colonial styles.
The earth-hugging Prairie Style houses pioneered by Frank Lloyd Wright and the informal Bungalow styles of the early 20th century paved the way for the popular Ranch Style. After World War II, real estate developers turned to the simple, economical Ranch Style to meet the housing needs of returning soldiers and their families.
The briefly popular Lustron Homes were essentially Ranch houses made of metal. Because so many Ranch houses were built quickly according to a cookie-cutter formula, the Ranch Style later became known as ordinary and, at times, slipshod. However, during the late s and s, a few real estate developers re-invented the style, giving the conventional one-story Ranch House a modernist flair.
A traditional Ranch Style house is only one story, but a Raised Ranch raises the roof to provide extra living space.
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