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Sign me up to the mailing list Subscribe now for regular news, updates and priority booking for events. Sign up About our privacy policy. The patent expired in [11] though the partnership continued until when Need died. Messrs Wright, the bankers of Nottingham, recommended that Richard Arkwright apply to Strutt and Need for finance for his cotton spinning mill. The first mill opened in Nottingham in and was driven by horses.
In Richard Arkwright, Samuel Need and Jedediah Strutt built the world's first commercially successful water-powered cotton spinning mill at Cromford , Derbyshire, developing a form of power that was to be a catalyst for the Industrial Revolution. This was followed in Derbyshire by Jedediah Strutt's cotton spinning mills at Belper. They were: South Mill, the first, ; North Mill, , which was destroyed by fire on 12 January and then rebuilt, starting work again at the end of ; West Mill, , commenced working ; Reeling Mill, ; Round Mill, which took 10 years to build, from to , and commenced working in ; and Milford Mills, The Belper and Milford mills were not built in partnership with Arkwright; they were all owned and financed by Strutt.
Other notable 18th-century figures with connections to Derby include the painter Joseph Wright , known as Wright of Derby, who was known for his innovative use of light in his paintings and was an associate of the Royal Academy ; and John Whitehurst , a clockmaker and philosopher.
Erasmus Darwin , doctor, scientist, philosopher and grandfather of Charles Darwin , whose practice was based in Lichfield , Staffordshire, was a frequent visitor to Derby, having founded the Derby Philosophical Society. Derby's place in the country's philosophical and political life continued with Henry Hutchinson, an active member of the Fabian Society.
On his death in , he left the society an amount in his will which was instrumental in founding the London School of Economics. The beginning of 19th century saw Derby emerging as an engineering centre, with manufacturers such as James Fox , who exported machine tools to Russia. A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Normanton Barracks in Derby was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act , and it became a county borough with the Local Government Act The borough expanded in to include Little Chester and Litchurch , and then in to include New Normanton and Rowditch.
The borough did not increase substantially again until , when under a recommendation of the Local Government Boundary Commission it was expanded into large parts of the rural district of Belper , Repton and South East Derbyshire. This vastly increased Derby's population from , in the census to , in the census. Despite being one of the areas of Britain furthest from the sea , Derby holds a special place in the history of marine safety � it was as MP for Derby that Samuel Plimsoll introduced his bills for a ' Plimsoll line ' and other marine safety measures.
This failed on first introduction, but was successful in and contributed to Plimsoll's re-election as an MP. An industrial boom began in Derby when Rolls-Royce opened a car and aircraft factory in the town in However, Derby remained a major rail manufacturing centre, second only to Crewe and Wolverton. In the Derby Wireless Club was formed by a group of local engineers and experimenters.
It was to be the first radio or 'wireless club' in the country. All Saints Church was designated as a cathedral in , signalling that the town was ready for city status.
Slum clearance in the s and s saw the central area of Derby become less heavily populated as families were rehoused on new council estates in the suburbs, where houses for private sale were also constructed. Rehousing, council house building and private housing developments continued on a large scale for some 30 years after the end of World War II in Production and repair work continued at the railway works.
In December the Locomotive Works unveiled Britain's first mainline passenger diesel-electric locomotive � "Number ". In production switched over to diesel locomotives completely. In the British Rail Research Division opened to study all aspects of railway engineering from first principles. Its first success was in drastically improving the reliability and speed of goods trains, work which led to the development of the Advanced Passenger Train.
Derby was awarded city status on 7 June by Queen Elizabeth II to mark the 25th anniversary of her ascension to the throne. Derby holds an important position in the history of the Labour movement as one of two seats the other being Keir Hardie 's in Merthyr Tydfil gained by the recently formed Labour Representation Committee at the general election.
Despite its strategic industries rail and aero-engine , Derby suffered comparatively little damage in both world wars contrast Bristol and Filton. This may in part have been due to the jamming against the German radio-beam navigations systems X-Verfahren and Knickebein , camouflage and decoy techniques ' Starfish sites ' were built, mainly south of the town, e. Derby has also become a significant cultural centre for the deaf community in Britain.
Many deaf people move to Derby because of its strong sign language -using community. By traditional definitions, Derby is the county town of Derbyshire , although Derbyshire's administrative centre has in recent years been Matlock.
Derby is divided into seventeen electoral wards , each of which elects three members of Derby City Council. Derby was a single United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency represented by two members of parliament until , when it was divided into the single-member constituencies of Derby North and Derby South.
However, in , the wards of Allestree, Oakwood and Spondon were moved to the new constituency of Mid Derbyshire , created for the general election. It is found in a number of places, most notably serving as the nickname of Derby County F.
The logo of the City Council's services is a stylised ram. Derby is in a relatively low-lying area along the lower valley of the River Derwent , between the lowlands and valley of the River Trent to the south, and the south-east foothills of the Pennines to the north.
Most of the flat plains surrounding Derby lie in the Trent Valley Washlands and South Derbyshire Claylands, while the hillier, northern parts of the city lie within the Derbyshire Peak Fringe and the Coalfields.
The city is around 16 miles 26 km from Coton in the Elms , the farthest place from coastal waters in the United Kingdom. The Office of National Statistics has defined an urban area for Derby consisting of the city itself plus suburbs and villages in surrounding districts.
Derby has a green belt area defined to the north and east of the city, first drawn up in the s, to prevent convergence with the surrounding towns and villages. It extends for several miles into the counties of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, covering much of the area up to Nottingham.
Derby's climate is classified as warm and temperate. The rainfall in Derby is significant, with precipitation even during the driest month. The average annual temperature is 9. Precipitation here averages mm. Derby's two biggest employers, [34] Rolls-Royce Holdings and Toyota , are engaged in engineering manufacturing. Other companies of note include railway systems engineering firm Bombardier Transportation , who manufacture railway rolling stock at Derby Litchurch Lane Works acquired by Alstom in ; First Source, who deal with much of Sky's telephone support; and Triton Equity, who took over Alstom's manufacturing plant for large power plant boilers and heat exchangers in Derby power station on Silk Mill Lane supplied electricity to the town and the surrounding area from until its closure in From Sinfin Lane was the home of the acre , m 2 site of International Combustion , originally manufacturers of machinery for the automatic delivery of pulverised fuel to furnaces and boilers , and later producing steam-generating boilers for use in electrical generating plant such as used in power stations.
Derby was the home of Core Design originally based on Ashbourne Road , who developed the successful video game Tomb Raider. When Derby's inner ring road was completed in , a section of it was named 'Lara Croft Way' after the game's heroine Lara Croft.
One of Derby's longest-established businesses is Royal Crown Derby , which has been producing porcelain since the s. The Midlands Co-operative Society , a predecessor of Central England Co-operative , traced its origins to Derby Co-operative Provident Society which, in , was one of the first co-operatives in the region. Infinity Park Derby is a planned business park for aerospace, rail and automotive technology adjacent to the Rolls-Royce site in Sinfin.
In December , the government announced that the park would gain enterprise zone status by being added to Nottingham Enterprise Zone. However, during the 20th century, railway manufacturing developed elsewhere, while in Derby the emphasis shifted to other industries. Even though it had pioneered the introduction of diesel locomotives, new production finished in [ citation needed ]. Repair work gradually diminished until the locomotive works closed, the land being redeveloped as Pride Park. The only buildings remaining are those visible from Platform 6 of the station.
Derby railway station retains an important position in the railway network. The city is favoured as a site for a national railway centre. Derby is also the headquarters of the Derby Railway Engineering Society , [40] founded in to promote railway engineering expertise both in the city and nationally. Derby Cathedral tower is feet 65 metres tall to the tip of the pinnacles. This has been home to a pair of breeding peregrine falcons since , [41] monitored by four webcams.
Derby Gaol is a visitor attraction based in the dungeons of the Derbyshire County Gaol, which dates back to Derby Industrial Museum is housed in Derby Silk Mill and shows the industrial heritage and technological achievement of Derby, including Rolls-Royce aero engines , railways, mining, quarrying and foundries. Pickford's House Museum was built by architect Joseph Pickford in It was his home and business headquarters.
Derby Museum and Art Gallery shows paintings by Joseph Wright , as well as fine Royal Crown Derby porcelain, natural history, local regiments and archaeology. The skyline of the inner city changed in when the inner ring road with its two new crossings of the River Derwent was built.
The route of the ring road went through the St Alkmund's Church and its Georgian churchyard , the only Georgian square in Derby. Both were demolished to make way for the road, a move still criticised today. Thus the editor Elizabeth Williamson of the 2nd edition of Pevsner for Derbyshire wrote: " As a traffic scheme this road is said to be a triumph; as townscape it is a disaster.
The city has extensive transport links with other areas of the country. The M1 motorway passes about ten miles 16 km east of the city, linking Derby southwards to the London area and northwards to Sheffield and Leeds. On 16 March , Mercian Way, the final section of the city's inner ring road, was opened to traffic. Abbey Street is the only road between the two ends from which Mercian Way can be accessed. There also remain local stations at Peartree and Spondon , although services are limited, especially at the former.
East Midlands Airport is about fifteen miles 24 km from Derby city centre. Its proximity to Derby, the fact that the airport is in Leicestershire , and the traditional rivalry between the three cities Derby, Leicester and Nottingham , meant that there was controversy concerning the airport's decision to prefix its name with Nottingham in [ citation needed ].
In , Nottingham East Midlands Airport reverted to its previous name. The airport is served by budget airlines , including Ryanair and Jet2 , with services to domestic and European destinations. Derby Airfield , approximately 7 miles 11 km southwest of the city centre, has grass runways targeted at general aviation.
The Derby bus station has 29 bays, 5 for coaches and 24 for general bus services. The band reformed in and again with altered line up in Sinfonia Viva is a chamber orchestra based in Derby, presenting concerts and educational events in the city, across the East Midlands, and occasionally further afield.
A full-scale programme of orchestral and other concerts was presented by Derby LIVE at the Assembly Rooms, though this is currently closed following fire damage in March ; performances continue to take place at the smaller Guildhall Theatre , and in Derby Cathedral.
A series of organ recitals is presented every summer at Derby Cathedral. The folk-music scene includes the annual Derby Folk Festival. Derby Jazz promotes a year-round series of performances and workshops. Derby has had a number of theatres, including the Grand Theatre which was opened from [46] until This replaced the earlier Theatre Royal.
After a lengthy period of financial uncertainty, Derby Playhouse closed in February It was resurrected in September of that year after a new financing package was put together but forced to close again just two months later because of further financial problems.
The lease was later bought by Derby University and the building was renamed Derby Theatre. QUAD is a centre for art and film that opened in The building has two cinema screens showing independent and mainstream cinema, two gallery spaces housing contemporary visual arts , a digital studio, participation spaces, digital editing suites, artists studio and the BFI Mediatheque.
The Robert Ludlam Theatre, on the campus of Saint Benedict Catholic School and Performing Arts College , is a seat venue with a programme of entertainment including dance, drama, art, music, theatre in the round , comedy, films, family entertainment, rock and pop events and workshops. The theatre company Oddsocks is based in Derby and stages productions in the city and the surrounding area, as well as travelling the country.
It offers a weekly class programme and a year-round professional performance programme for children, young people and adults, and a community development programme.
Derby Book Festival, first held in , takes place in June, with events throughout the city. The first Six Streets Arts trail was in June , [51] took place again in and will now be a biennial event. It includes strong input from the local History Network [52] which was awarded a Heritage Lottery grant to pursue its work on marking the th anniversary of World War 1. John Dexter the theatre director and the actor Alan Bates were from Derby.
Derby gained a high profile in sport following the appointment of Brian Clough as manager of Derby County F. Promotion to the Football League First Division was achieved in , and County were champions of the English league three years later. Following Clough's resignation in , his successor Dave Mackay guided Derby County to another league title in , but this remains to date the club's last major trophy; relegation followed in and top flight status was not regained until , since when Derby have spent a total of 11 seasons �, �, � in the top flight.
There are three senior non-league football clubs based in the city. Derbyshire County Cricket Club are based at the County Ground in Derby and play almost all home matches there, although matches at Chesterfield were re-introduced in One of the designated first class county sides, they have won the County Championship once, in Derby has clubs in both codes of rugby.
The Arena, opened in , also contains a velodrome that has hosted the Revolution cycling series. Local industrialist Francis Ley introduced baseball to the town in the late 19th century, and built a stadium near the town centre. The attempt to establish baseball in Derby was unsuccessful, but the stadium survived for some years afterwards as the home of Derby County Football Club.
It was demolished in , six years after County's move to Pride Park. Professional golfer Melissa Reid was born in Derby in Arthur Keily the marathon runner and Olympian was born in Derbyshire in and has lived his whole life in Derby.
Filmed and recorded over multiple shows, this documentary includes never-before-seen special effects along with exclusive insights from the band. Jill Douglas presents coverage of the final match in the second round of fixtures, as Ireland host France at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin. The French overcame the Irish in Paris in the concluding contest of last year's competition, but were unable to secure the bonus point and point margin required to prevent England winning the title, while Ireland could have topped the table had they recorded a bonus and prevailed by seven points or more.
Either filming under social distancing regulations is proving too difficult for the team, or they're all unwilling to venture out into the cold, because the latest edition of the much-loved rural affairs series is comprised of footage from the archive.
Each clip pays tribute to a winter hero, from farmers working in all weathers to keep their livestock and crops safe, to communities dedicated to a particular cause; even presenter Margherita Taylor's childhood hero, Eddie 'The Eagle' Edwards features. She also visits Kentish Town City Farm to lend a hand. Judges Rich Miller and Keith Brymer Jones set challenges close to their hearts this week as the amateur potters tackle terracotta. The latter is a renowned designer and maker of ceramics, best known for his homeware range, so it should come as no surprise to see him set a task involving the creation of cookware.
Miller, meanwhile, is also a ceramacist and runs Froyle Tiles, a company based in Surrey that specialises in the creation of bespoke, handmade high-fired stoneware tiles - he tests the potters skills with a technical involving engraving tiles.
Whoever makes Brymer Jones cry the most and boy, does he like to weep will no doubt be crowned Potter of the Week, while host Siobhan McSweeney looks on with a slightly bemused look in her eye. In the final programme of the series, we find Bambi busier than ever at the caravan park. To escape from her hectic life selling statics, she and best friend Johnny are hitting the road for a coastal camping mini-break near Marbella.
Armed with their new tee-pee, they've got some serious rest and relaxation in mind, but the trip doesn't quite go to plan In a bid to cut costs and put down some roots, the family have decided to take the plunge and ditch their rental property for something more permanent. Can they find their dream home in the sun for 90, euros? It's the final programme of the series, and it follows the adventurer as he journeys through some of the world's most spectacular and unspoilt wildernesses.
Along the way he considers the huge challenge facing those trying to protect them from both manmade and natural disasters. Among the highlights are Reeve's explorations of Siberia's vast ice expanses and central and South America's tropical forests, while his report on the horrifying extent of plastic pollution in our oceans should give everyone food for thought.
What a strange series this has been - it's certainly polarised opinions among viewers. There are those who switched off after a couple of episodes, upset by the timeline, which seemed to leap around all over the place, and there are others who have been gripped from the off - and claim it's got more gripping as time's gone on.
Whatever your view, it all comes to an end this Sunday, and although we can find out how it all pans out via a quick internet search, it's far more interesting to see it play out on screen. The authorities are closing in on Charles and Marie-Andree, so he plots an escape to South America - but as his behaviour spirals out of control, he could turn out to be his own worst enemy. In Bangkok, Herman remains determined to get his man, a quest that takes far longer than he anticipated.
The critically acclaimed improv show returns for a new third series. Then, in the second part of tonight's double bill, the regulars put their comedic skills to the test alongside Australian actress and model Adelaide Kane, who starred in Neighbours and supernatural teen drama Teen Wolf.
The last in the series of dad Bradley and his lad Barney's adventures around Europe, and there's no sign that Barney will cut his old man some slack for the final leg. The pair are in Italy, where all roads lead to Rome - at least the one their camper van is on does, and they're soon at the home of gladiatorial combat where they take up weapons and learn to unleash their inner Russell Crowe.
Next up it's a trip south to the Amalfi Coast, where Barney plans a spot of cliff-top diving into the ocean for him and his put-upon dad. Along the way they make a quick stop to take in a spectacular view. Sound a bit too sedate for thrill-seeker Barney? Well, their vantage point is a sky-high zipwire. Good luck, Brad Beat the winter blues with this edition of the renovation show filmed in scorching temperatures in - which means it also features the welcome and now slightly alien sight of large groups of people working in close proximity.
The real joy, though, comes not from the sunshine or crowds, but the heartwarming story as it unfolds. Nick Knowles and the team are in Barnstaple in Devon, where they meet Jan and Lucy, parents to triplets. Two of the youngsters - Daisy and Amber - suffer from an incurable kidney disease which means they have to travel to Bristol - a four-hour round-trip - four days a week for dialysis, so Nick wants to help extend their home to create space for a dialysis centre.
The 10th series wraps up as hosts Davina McCall and Nicky Campbell help more people trace their roots and finally meet up with family members, and it goes out in dramatic fashion as a woman hopes to finally solve a long-standing family mystery. Foster carer Susanne King grew up with her strict grandparents, as an only child and estranged from her mother. One day she overheard a family secret - that she had two sisters who had been given up for adoption. Can Davina and Nicky track them down?
The National Crime Agency estimate that there could be , people who pose a sexual threat to children in this country, and this hard-hitting series follows the harrowing work of the people tasked with preventing this harm. In episode two, we meet 'Kiera', a year-old girl from Essex who, like many her age, is looking for friendship online. However, 'Kiera' is actually a middle-aged male police officer who, within minutes of setting up a profile, is bombarded with sexual messages.
This is hard but essential viewing. We rejoin the hard-working staff at Hull Royal Infirmary to follow more eventful night shifts. In resus, year-old retired coach driver Paul is rushed in after falling onto fire-stoking tools. Dr Austin is concerned about his breathing and so escalates Paul to a full trauma status and sends him for a scan.
With severe pain in his shoulder and stomach, could Paul have suffered internal injuries? Plus there's year-old Harris who was injured in a machete attack. He's been brought in by police but is reluctant to wait for his results The medical drama has featured many traumatic and emotional moments over the years. While those focusing on regular patients can be pretty moving, it's incidents involving members of staff that are usually the most gut-wrenching.
And so we should get ready to shed a tear or two as Dom's life hangs in the balance. Even if he awakes, his life will be changed forever by his injuries. While Hanssen wonders if he did the right thing, Ange is left devastated by what's happened. Elsewhere on the ward, Sacha battles to save Jodie's baby and Cameron announces his plans for a new career.
Canine expert Graeme Hall sets out to help more families with problem pooches. To be fair to Niko, the Siberian husky, he isn't really behaving badly, he's just terrified of staircases, which is making newlyweds Prabneet and Niles's life very difficult indeed. Luckily, Graeme has a plan. He also has to find ways to get Luna the Labrador, who goes berserk every mealtime, and Border collie Frank, who is still grieving the loss of his doggy best friend five years after they died, back on the straight and narrow.
So far the wannabe professional interior designers have tackled rooms in a show home and open-plan office spaces, demonstrating along the way their visual flair, practical skill and ability to work both solo and as part of a team. Two competitors have already fallen by the wayside, and we'll be saying goodbye to another following this week's challenge. It sees the group travel to Sussex, where a wedding venue is in need of a revamp.
It's located in a picturesque countryside setting, so that's an obvious place for them to draw inspiration - but will all involved be willing to stick to the brief, or are some tempted to go off piste? Michelle Ogundehin is the one who will decide how successful - or otherwise - they have been. In the th anniversary year of the great German composer and pianist's birth, British conductor Hazlewood uses the Fifth Symphony as a starting point to explore the work, genius and various health conditions that both influenced and disrupted Beethoven's work.
Hazlewood delves into the complicated issues around Beethoven's deafness and potential autism, with insights given from members of the Paraorchestra, the integrated group which which Hazlewood founded in and is made up of both disabled and non-disabled musicians. After last week's episode, in which the detective struggled to keep going as her mental health began to suffer, it seems she's back on a more even keel this time. At least she manages to hold it together long enough to enable her to investigate the truth about Bobby.
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