Landscape Definition Earth Science,Garden Tap Bird,Decking Designs Uk Kim - You Shoud Know

08.07.2020
Geography and landscape science The founder of the science abroad was the German geographer S. Passarge. The basis of landscape science is the theory that the geographic landscape is the primary element in the physicogeo-graphical differentiation of the earth. Landscape science deals with the origin, structure, and dynamics of landscapes, the laws of the development and arrangement of landscapes, and the transformation of . the study of landscape on a more holistic basis and in a broader multidisciplinary field. The landscape became the common framework for regional geography, historical geography, landscape ecology, as well as more applied research in land classification and evaluation for planning purposes. originate beneath or within Earth's lithophere, displacing rock material to raise land or build mountains Leveling forces occur near the earth's surface. ex. weathering, erosion, deposition, .
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The activity of modifying the visible features of an area of land is referred to as landscaping. There are several definitions of what constitutes a landscape, depending on context. When people deliberately improve the aesthetic appearance of a piece of land�by changing contours and vegetation, etc. The word landscape landscipe or landscaef arrived in England �and therefore into the English language �after the fifth century, following the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons ; these terms referred to a system of human-made spaces on the land.

The term landscape emerged around the turn of the sixteenth century to denote a painting whose primary subject matter was natural scenery. The modern form of the word, with its connotations of scenery, appeared in the late sixteenth century when the term landschap was introduced by Dutch painters who used it to refer to paintings of inland natural or rural scenery. The word landscape , first recorded in , was borrowed from a Dutch painters' term.

An example of this second usage can be found as early as in the Book of Common Prayer :. Geomorphology is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features created by physical or chemical processes operating at or near Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling.

Geomorphology is practiced within physical geography , geology , geodesy , engineering geology , archaeology and geotechnical engineering. This broad base of interests contributes to many research styles and interests within the field. The surface of Earth is modified by a combination of surface processes that sculpt landscapes, and geologic processes that cause tectonic uplift and subsidence , and shape the coastal geography. Surface processes comprise the action of water , wind , ice , fire , and living things on the surface of the Earth, along with chemical reactions that form soils and alter material properties, the stability and rate of change of topography under the force of gravity , and other factors, such as in the very recent past human alteration of the landscape.

Many of these factors are strongly mediated by climate. Geologic processes include the uplift of mountain ranges , the growth of volcanoes , isostatic changes in land surface elevation sometimes in response to surface processes , and the formation of deep sedimentary basins where the surface of Earth drops and is filled with material eroded from other parts of the landscape. The Earth surface and its topography therefore are an intersection of climatic, hydrologic , and biologic action with geologic processes.

Landscape ecology is the science of studying and improving relationships between ecological processes in the environment and particular ecosystems. This is done within a variety of landscape scales, development spatial patterns, and organizational levels of research and policy. Landscape is a central concept in landscape ecology. It is, however, defined in quite different ways.

John A. Wiens [16] opposes the traditional view expounded by Carl Troll , Isaak S. Zonneveld, Zev Naveh, Richard T. The discipline of landscape science has been described as "bring[ing] landscape ecology and urban ecology together with other disciplines and cross-disciplinary fields to identify patterns and understand social-ecological processes influencing landscape change".

Landscape science deals with the origin, structure, and dynamics of landscapes, the laws of the development and arrangement of landscapes, and the transformation of landscapes by the economic activity of man.

Berg and others, and outside Russia by the German S. Integrated landscape management is a way of managing a landscape that brings together multiple stakeholders, who collaborate to integrate policy and practice for their different land use objectives, with the purpose of achieving sustainable landscapes. The intention is to minimise conflict between these different land use objectives and ecosystem services.

Proponents of integrated landscape management argue that it is well-suited to address complex global challenges, such as those that are the focus of the Sustainable Development Goals. Landscape archaeology or landscape history is the study of the way in which humanity has changed the physical appearance of the environment - both present and past. Landscape generally refers to both natural environments and environments constructed by human beings.

The concept of cultural landscapes can be found in the European tradition of landscape painting. The major task of geography was to trace the changes in these two landscapes. It was Carl O. Sauer , a human geographer , who was probably the most influential in promoting and developing the idea of cultural landscapes. Within his definition, the physical environment retains a central significance, as the medium with and through which human cultures act. The cultural landscape is fashioned from a natural landscape by a cultural group.

Culture is the agent, the natural area is the medium, the cultural landscape is the result. A cultural landscape, as defined by the World Heritage Committee , is the "cultural properties [that] represent the combined works of nature and of man. The World Heritage Committee identifies three categories of cultural landscape, ranging from i those landscapes most deliberately 'shaped' by people, through ii full range of 'combined' works, to iii those least evidently 'shaped' by people yet highly valued.

The three categories extracted from the Committee's Operational Guidelines, are as follows: [42]. The Chinese garden is a landscape garden style which Landscape Garden Design Definition 100 has evolved over three thousand years. It includes both the vast gardens of the Chinese emperors and members of the Imperial Family, built for pleasure and to impress, and the more intimate gardens created by scholars, poets, former government officials, soldiers and merchants, made for reflection and escape from the outside world.

They create an idealized miniature landscape, which is meant to express the harmony that should exist between man and nature. By moving from structure to structure, visitors can view a series of carefully composed scenes, unrolling like a scroll of landscape paintings.

The English landscape garden , also called English landscape park or simply the 'English garden', is a style of parkland garden intended to look as though it might be a natural landscape, although it may be very extensively re-arranged. It drew inspiration from paintings of landscapes by Claude Lorraine and Nicolas Poussin , and from the classic Chinese gardens of the East, [46] which had recently been described by European travellers and were realized in the Anglo-Chinese garden, [46] and the philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau � The English garden usually included a lake, sweeps of gently rolling lawns set against groves of trees, and recreations of classical temples, Gothic ruins, bridges, and other picturesque architecture, designed to recreate an idyllic pastoral landscape.

By the end of the 18th century the English garden was being imitated by the French landscape garden, and as far away as St. Petersburg, Russia, in Pavlovsk , the gardens of the future Emperor Paul.

It also had a major influence on the form of the public parks and gardens which appeared around the world in the 19th century. Landscape architecture Landscape Garden Design Definition Method is a multi-disciplinary field, incorporating aspects of botany , horticulture , the fine arts , architecture , industrial design , geology and the earth sciences , environmental psychology , geography , and ecology.

The activities of a landscape architect can range from the creation of public parks and parkways to site planning for campuses and corporate office parks, from the design of residential estates to the design of civil infrastructure and the management of large wilderness areas or reclamation of degraded landscapes such as mines or landfills. Landscape architects work on all types of structures and external space � large or small, urban , suburban and rural , and with "hard" built and "soft" planted materials, while paying attention to ecological sustainability.

For the period before , the history of landscape gardening later called landscape architecture is largely that of master planning and garden design for manor houses , palaces and royal properties, religious complexes, and centers of government. The first person to write of making a landscape was Joseph Addison in The term landscape architecture was invented by Gilbert Laing Meason in and was first used as a professional title by Frederick Law Olmsted in During the latter 19th century, the term landscape architect became used by professional people who designed landscapes.

Here the combination of traditional landscape gardening and the emerging field of city planning gave landscape architecture its unique focus. This use of the term landscape architect became established after Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. Possibly the earliest landscape literature is found in Australian aboriginal myths also known as Dreamtime or Dreaming stories, songlines , or Aboriginal oral literature , the stories traditionally performed by Aboriginal peoples [48] within each of the language groups across Australia.

All such myths variously tell significant truths within each Aboriginal group's local landscape. They effectively layer the whole of the Australian continent's topography with cultural nuance and deeper meaning, and empower selected audiences with the accumulated wisdom and knowledge of Australian Aboriginal ancestors back to time immemorial.

In the West pastoral poetry represent the earliest form of landscape literature, though this literary genre presents an idealized landscape peopled by shepherds and shepherdesses, and creates "an image of a peaceful uncorrupted existence; a kind of prelapsarian world". An early form of landscape poetry, Shanshui poetry , developed in China during the third and fourth centuries A.

Topographical poetry is a genre of poetry that describes, and often praises, a landscape or place. John Denham 's poem "Cooper's Hill" established the genre, which peaked in popularity in 18th-century England. Examples of topographical verse date, however, to the Late Classical period, and can be found throughout the Medieval era and during the Renaissance. Though the earliest examples come mostly from continental Europe, the topographical poetry in the tradition originating with Denham concerns itself with the classics, and many of the various types of topographical verse, such as river, ruin, or hilltop poems were established by the early 17th century.

George Crabbe , the Suffolk regional poet, also wrote topographical poems, as did William Wordsworth , of which Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey is an obvious example.

Auden 's " In Praise of Limestone " uses a limestone landscape as an allegory. Subgenres of topographical poetry include the country house poem , written in 17th-century England to compliment a wealthy patron, and the prospect poem , describing the view from a distance or a temporal view into the future, with the sense of opportunity or expectation.

When understood broadly as landscape poetry and when assessed from its establishment to the present, topographical poetry can take on many formal situations and types of places. Common aesthetic registers of which topographical poetry makes use include pastoral imagery, the sublime , and the picturesque , which include images of rivers, ruins, moonlight, birdsong, and clouds, peasants, mountains, caves, and waterscapes.

Though describing a landscape or scenery, topographical poetry often, at least implicitly, addresses a political issue or the meaning of nationality in some way. They use these to create complex computer models of the impacts of different practices on landscapes.

We know they did in , but that was four years ago, and the whole media landscape has changed. Private tours are led by participating landscape and design experts. From NOLA. He has a demonstrated ability to work well across the county's vast landscape of responsibilities. From Chicago Tribune. The landscape and environment changes when there's snow on it.

From OregonLive. Each of these countries plays a key role in the economic and political landscape of the continent. From CNN. We each had our priorities, and mine were the city's many landmarks and landscape features. From Huffington Post. And what we're trying to do here is look at all of the sounds in the landscape.

They become part of the way in which we associate the human being with the landscape , with nature or the environment. It's all about preparing the landscape for the experience.

From Plain Dealer. There's no one kind of character or one kind of story that can make our television landscape as rich as it can be.

From ThinkProgress. All these startups have the potential to shake up the consumer-tech landscape , help address global problems or just make our lives easier. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Collocations with landscape.

Click on a collocation to see more examples of it. From Wikipedia. From the Cambridge English Corpus. See all collocations with landscape. Translations of landscape in Chinese Traditional. Landforms are natural and distinctive features. Explore how they show up in various landscapes. These resources can be used to teach middle schoolers more about the natural world, its distinctive features, and landscapes.

Erosion is the process where rocks are broken down by natural forces such as wind or water. There are two main types of erosion: chemical and physical. In physical erosion, the rock breaks down but its chemical composition remains the same, such as during a landslide or bioerosion, when plants take root and crack rocks. Explore the process of erosion with this collection of resources.

One of the oldest tenets of geography is the concept of place. Location is the position of a particular point on the surface of the Earth. Locale is the physical setting for relationships between people, such as the South of France or the Smoky Mountains. Finally, a sense of place is the emotions someone attaches to an area based on their experiences.

Place can be applied at any scale and does not necessarily have to be fixed in either time or space. Additionally, due to globalization, place can change over time as its physical setting and cultures are influenced by new ideas or technologies. Learn more about the physical and human characteristics of place with this curated resource collection. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students.

Skip to content. Twitter Facebook Pinterest Google Classroom. Encyclopedic Entry Vocabulary. The natural landscape of the Pacific Ocean meets the man-made landscape of Honolulu, Hawaii.

Photograph by Mark Makowski, MyShot. Mojave Desert. Otto Schluter. Sahara Desert. Three Gorges Dam. United Nations. Vincent van Gogh. Media Credits The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Last Updated Jan. Media If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Text Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service.

Interactives Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Related Resources. Landforms and Landscapes. View Collection.




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