Coastal Landscapes Definition Unit,Yard Butler Garden Kneeler,Hamilton Landscaping Garden & Supply,Garden Plan Design Online Market - Downloads 2021

29.05.2020
Coastal erosion - Coastal landscapes - Higher Geography Revision - BBC Bitesize

Skip to content. Waves form from a transfer of energy from the wind. This causes friction with the surface of the sea, definitiom the coastal landscapes definition unit begins to move in a circular motion.

The amount of energy gained depends on:. Coastal erosion: The wearing away of the land by the sea. Hydraulic action: The pressure of water being thrown against the cliff by waves. Coastal landscapes definition unit water gets into the cracks causing air compression to put pressure on the rock, making pieces of rock break off.

Abrasion: Sand and pebbles carried within the waves are thrown against the cliff face with considerable force. These particles break off more rocks which in turn also hit against the cliff. Solution: A chemical reaction between certain rock types dissolved by salt and other acids in the seawater. Particularly evident on limestone and chalk cliffs where water is milky.

Attrition: A process that involves the wearing away of the rocks which are in the sea. Boulders in the sea hit away at each other to create coaztal sand and pebbles. Physical: Involves the breakdown of rocks and solids, torn apart by physical force, through direct coastal landscapes definition unit with heat, water ice and pressure.

Chemical: Breaking down the bonds holding the rocks together, causing them to fall apart, forming smaller and smaller pieces. Biological: Caused by living organisms, most coastal landscapes definition unit plant roots or burrowing animals.

Soil Creep: The slowest downhill movement. Gravity pulls water in soil downhill. Soil particles move with water. Heavy rainfall causes vefinition soil creep. The slope appears to have ripples known as terracettes. Slumping: This is a large area of land moving down a slope. It is common on clay cliffs as the dry weather makes clay contract and crack. Therefore rainwater gets into the cracks and the soil becomes saturated.

Due to the pull of gravity the large piece of weakened rock is pulled down the cliff face. It is said to have slipped on the slip plane of saturated rock. This is the process where waves transport eroded material sediment along the coastline by the action of breaking waves.

It is deposited further down the coast. Bar: If a spit joins one part of the mainland to another, e. This is only possible if there is no river entering the sea because rivers wash sediment coastal landscapes definition unit. Bars straighten coastlines.

Tombolo: When a spit joins the mainland to an island. Sub-Ariel Processes: breaking up of rock through processes of weathering unut the impact of wind and rain. Geology: the rock type and is often the most important feature of the coast. Rocks coastal landscapes definition unit from hard to soft rock. Coastal Management: Coasts protected by hard or soft engineering. The cliffs of Happisburgh are soft as there is sand on top and clay.

They are therefore worn away easily. Coastal defences were installed inreducing erosion to 50cm per year, but council stopped repairs in Planning: Many countries have planned for coastal flooding by protecting themselves.

Education: countries are educating their citizens about what to do if a flood occurs. Revetments - absorbs wave energy through slatted wooden structures built at the base of a cliff. Riprap - large rocks definitionn in front of the cliff dissipates wave energy. Recurved Seawalls - walls usually made of concrete; modern ones have recurved face which reflects wave energy.

Groynes - Usually pieces of wood stretching from coastline to sea, preventing LSD as sand builds up on one side of the groyne. Gabions - Wire cages filled with coastql absorb wave energy. Offshore reefs - Enormous concrete blocks and natural boulders sunk offshore to alter wave direction and to dissipate the energy of waves and tides.

Beach Replenishment - Placing of sand and pebbles on a beach. Beach is a natural defence that dissipates wave energy. Cliff Coastal landscapes definition unit - Cliff is cut back and given a new gentle slope to stop slumping.

Waves Waves form from a transfer of energy from the wind. The amount of energy gained depends on: Wind speed Length of time the wind has been blowing for Distance of open water over which the wind blows fetch.

They occur when wave energy is high and the wave has travelled over a long fetch. They tend to erode the coast. They have a stronger backwash than swash. They have a short wavelength and are high and steep. Constructive Waves Created in calm weather and are less powerful than destructive waves. They break on the shore and deposit material, building up beaches. They have a swash that is stronger than the backwash.

They have a long coastal landscapes definition unit and are low in height. The Types of Coastal Erosion Coastal erosion: The wearing away of the land by the sea Hydraulic action: The pressure of water being thrown against the cliff by waves. Particularly evident on limestone and chalk cliffs where water is milky Attrition: A process that involves the wearing away of the rocks which are in the sea.

The Types of Weathering Weathering: The breaking up of rock, but they don't move Physical: Involves the breakdown of rocks and solids, torn coaastal by physical force, through direct contact with heat, water ice and pressure Freeze-Thaw: Water gets into cracks and expands as it turns to ice when temperatures fall.

This expansion puts pressure on the rock around it causing fragments of rock to break off. Rainwater contains weak acids that react with certain rock types.

Carbonates in limestone are dissolved by weak acids causing the rock defiintion break up or disintegrate. Rain causes seedlings, that fall in cracks, to grow. Roots force their ways into to cracks and break up the rock as they grow.

Burrowing animal are responsible for the further break-up. Wave-cut Platform and Wave-cut Notch The erosion of a cliff is greatest at its base where large waves break.

Hydraulic action and abrasion constantly undercut the pandscapes of the cliff forming a wave-cut notch. The notch continues coastal landscapes definition unit get larger as the undercutting continues. Eventually, the overhang becomes so heavy and unstable that it collapses downwards due to to the pull of gravity.

This process continues over time and the cliff gradually retreats inland and becomes steeper. As the cliff retreats, a gently sloping rocky platform is left at the base, this is known as a wave-cut platform which is exposed at low tide. The platform will also contain boulders which coastal landscapes definition unit fallen from the cliff.

Headlands and Bays They form on coastlines where rocks of varying coastal landscapes definition unit lie at defintion angles perpendicular to coastal landscapes definition unit sea.

Hard rock, e. Softer rock, e. Deposition in the sheltered bay creates a beach. Erosion eventually coastal landscapes definition unit greater on the headlands because the bays have retreated and the headlands are more exposed.

Caves, Arches, Stacks and Stumps These are formed in headlands that have a fault. Wave refraction causes waves to attack the coastal landscapes definition unit of the headland and hydraulic action coastal landscapes definition unit the fault. In time the fault cosatal widen to become a cave, through hydraulic action and abrasion.

The cave becomes eroded through, creating an coastal landscapes definition unit. If two caves form back to back this can also create an arch. The roof of the arch will eventually collapse due to the force of gravity, leaving a stack foastal is no longer attached to the coastal landscapes definition unit. Continued erosion and weathering will lead to the formation of a stump, as the stack collapses into the sea.

This is coxstal ongoing process along the headland. There can be many caves, arches, stack and stumps at.

Long Shore Drift This is the process where waves transport eroded material sediment along the coastline by the action of breaking waves. Swash goes up the beach at the same angle as the wind Backwash moves straight down the beach at right angles to the beach due to the pull of gravity Sediment is moved in the overall direction of the prevailing wind Material is deposited along the beach when water loses landscaoes e,g: Seawater gets shallow A river flows into sea A headland or groyne juts out to sea.

Beaches Found on straight coastlines where longshore drift is happening Found in bays where the sea is shallower so the waves lose their energy and deposit what they are carrying Made up of sand and pebbles Formed by constructive waves.

Spits A spit is an accumulation of sand with one end attached to the land and the other reaching out across an estuary or into the sea. They are formed where large amounts of sediment are transported by longshore drift and where the coastline suddenly changes direction to leave a sheltered, shallow area of water. Due to an increase in friction more deposition occurs in the water sheltered by the headland and the spit slowly builds up to sea level and extends in length.

When the wind changes direction it causes waves to alter landscapds direction and this may result in some material at the end of the spit being forced inland coastal landscapes definition unit form curved end.

A salt marsh often develops behind the spit and the spit cannot grow across an estuary as the river current carries material out to sea. Bars and Tombolos Bar: If a spit joins one part of the mainland to another, e.


It is the sum of swash uprush and wave set-up. Oceans portal Category Commons. Some estuaries which are used to harbour boats have to be constantly dredged because of longshore drift depositing material. See Shoreface profile and Characteristics of sedimentary shores. Different definitions of the offshore zone can be found in the literature.


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