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Customers who viewed this item also viewed. Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1. Previous page. Canon EOS M50 Next page. Customers who bought this item also bought. Canon EOS D Nikon D Sensor size. Indicates the size of imaging sensor in specific industry formats. Sensor type. The technology used to make the sensor in a camera.

The resolution of the imaging sensor, it impacts sharpness and quality of images. Higher the better. Ability to adjust image quality depending on amount of light available. Wider range indicates better performance. Video capture resolution. Various resolutions in which camera can capture video, higher is better in terms of quality. Viewfinder Type. The method with which the image is created in the viewfinder.

ISO Range. What's in the box. LCD screen size. Maximum Shutter speed. Determines ability to capture fast moving objects. Image Stabilization. The technology used to remove the effect of shaky hands while holding a camera. Item Dimensions. Item Weight. Compare with similar items. From the manufacturer.

Beautiful Pictures for All You don't need to be a photographer to know a great photo when you see one. Amazing Take more memorable images. Newbies Welcome If you can take a picture with your smartphone, you can take a great picture with the D Less Thinking. More Shooting.

Shoot Comfortably The D simply feels great in your hands. The Day Tripper Small enough to be discrete, durable enough to withstand rough conditions; the camera is also available with two oustanding travel lenses, you'll never want to leave home without the D Your Camera's Bridge to your World Download Nikon's free SnapBridge app and your D photos will appear right on a compatible smartphone or tablet for posting to your favorite sites, sharing with friends and family or just as backups.

The Difference is in the Details The image sensor in the D is approximately 15 times larger than those used in typical smartphones. Videos at the Touch of a Button Recording beautiful video with the D is as easy as shooting photos.

Picture After Amazing Picture Some of the best moments only last a split second. Fast, Accurate Focusing Unlike typical smartphones, fast-moving subjects are no problem for the D Twice the Fun The D two lens kit includes two matched lenses to help you cover all the angles.

Tel No: Item Weight g. Would you like to tell us about a lower price? Deals related to this item See all deals. See questions and answers. Customer reviews. How are ratings calculated? Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon.

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Write a product review. Reviews with images. See all customer images. Read reviews that mention picture quality entry level value for money easy to use battery life price range good camera memory card low light wifi and nfc best dslr good camera for beginners battery backup dslr camera level dslr best camera level photographers light weight easy to handle appario retail.

Top reviews Most recent Top reviews. Top reviews from India. There was a problem filtering reviews right now. Please try again later. Got the set 1. Camera body 2. Kit lens mm VR 3. Kit lens mm for Rs The camera sensor has exceptional imaging quality. I'm new to DSLR. It has been giving a true artistic expression of reality, which even a best quality phone camera can never do.

Best camera for those who while pursuing photo clicking have come to know the limitations of a phone camera.

See the pictures I have taken with and enjoy Thank you Jeff and Co. Images in this review. Picture quality- Awesome, better purchase and see for yourself.

Nikon basically is for stunning colours as the same colour vivid ness you can't find in any of the Canon DSLRs untill and unless they are full frame models. Battery life- Avg. Usage of 2hrs every day gave the battery power running continuous for 3 days to me. My suggestion go for it. Let me explain i. The grip on this is DSLR is almost like a professional cameras. Just go to shop and physically feel the grip. You'll love it. And do compare with other cameras also if I am no wrong.

And for sure I have to say it's not weather resistant. According to me if you have 70 plus thousand rupees definitely go for weather sealed body full frame DSLRs. Lastly don't think whether to choose the entry level or professional camera. My suggestion a person should be enough patience to buy entry level first, because an entry level itself has a lots of menu options where you'll learn a lots of things.

And after the completion of every option and one think Iam a professional person then go for a full frame DSLRs which costs around 1 to 1. Pls don't go for intermediate or Mid level cameras. Go basic level learn, experiment, go to field, study, repeat daily by varying different options, like ISO aperture and shutter speed, make yourself professional and then earn a very very good camera.

Thank you. With max ISO you will get a better control over low light shots, than similar beginner-level Cannon models. I chose this camera over Cannon D because I heard a lot of critic reviews, and all of them were recommending Nikon. The camera has a good grip, and doesn't much weigh, so you can easily take shots with one hand.

Most people have complained about no WiFi. I haven't missed that feature much. Because, I will not have a WiFi while taking shots outside. I can easily transfer the pictures to my computer using the SD card reader. The camera doesn't have geo-tagging feature. But you can easily pair the SnapBridge App with the camera, and it will use phone's location and use it for geo-tagging.

I really liked it. Overall the camera is great. Things I missed: - It has a fixed display. Would have been great if it rotated. Just Awesome. Hopeless with Amazon. I got this dslr within two days of ordering it. It went well till the returnable period. Then suddenly I found both battery and charger defective. Defective Battery is not charging with the defective charger.

Want it to be replaced. Its a trust issue. SD Card missing from the kit. Awesome camera Nikon is best and less price with high specifications. This is worth for Rs. I bought it mainly for taking picture of my kid who is so fast and mobile can't capture his activities.

This very well survived the purpose. Picture quality is great and I am still exploring the 2 lens as a beginner. Only downside is that Bluetooth Transfer is useless as it takes 5 min to copy 8mb file and the battery drained when I tried copying photos. You can use your mobile USB cable to Copy your files but this shouldn't stop you from choosing it.

Go for it. See all reviews. Top reviews from other countries. Translate all reviews to English. Tengo alrededor de 3 meses con ella y ha cumplido mis expectativas.

Translate review to English. Most such objects are rendered invisible in heavily light-polluted skies above major cities. A simple method for estimating the darkness of a location is to look for the Milky Way , which from truly dark skies appears bright enough to cast a shadow.

In addition to skyglow, light trespass can impact observations when artificial light directly enters the tube of the telescope and is reflected from non-optical surfaces until it eventually reaches the eyepiece. This direct form of light pollution causes a glow across the field of view , which reduces contrast. Light trespass also makes it hard for a visual observer to become sufficiently adapted to the dark.

The usual measures to reduce this glare, if reducing the light directly is not an option, include flocking the telescope tube and accessories to reduce reflection, and putting a light shield also usable as a dew shield on the telescope to reduce light entering from angles other than those near the target. Under these conditions, some astronomers prefer to observe under a black cloth to ensure maximum adaptation to the dark.

A study presented at the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco found that light pollution destroys nitrate radicals thus preventing the normal night time reduction of atmospheric smog produced by fumes emitted from cars and factories. In the night, the polarization of the moonlit sky is very strongly reduced in the presence of urban light pollution, because scattered urban light is not strongly polarized.

Reducing light pollution implies many things, such as reducing sky glow, reducing glare, reducing light trespass, and reducing clutter. The method for best reducing light pollution, therefore, depends on exactly what the problem is in any given instance. Possible solutions include:. The use of full cutoff lighting fixtures, as much as possible, is advocated by most campaigners for the reduction of light pollution.

It is also commonly recommended that lights be spaced appropriately for maximum efficiency, and that number of luminaires being used as well as the wattage of each luminaire match the needs of the particular application Landscape Light Replacement Glass Uk based on local lighting design standards. Full cutoff fixtures first became available in with the introduction of General Electric 's M fixture.

A full cutoff fixture, when correctly installed, reduces the chance for light to escape above the plane of the horizontal. Light released above the horizontal may sometimes be lighting an intended target, but often serves no purpose.

When it enters into the atmosphere, light contributes to sky glow. Some governments and organizations are now considering, or have already implemented, full cutoff fixtures in street lamps and stadium lighting.

The use of full cutoff fixtures help to reduce sky glow by preventing light from escaping above the horizontal. Full cutoff typically reduces the visibility of the lamp and reflector within a luminaire, so the effects of glare are also reduced. Campaigners also commonly argue that full cutoff fixtures are more efficient than other fixtures, since light that would otherwise have escaped into the atmosphere may instead be directed towards the ground.

However, full cutoff fixtures may also trap more light in the fixture than other types of luminaires, corresponding to lower luminaire efficiency, suggesting a re-design of some luminaires may be necessary. The use of full cutoff fixtures can allow for lower wattage lamps to be used Low Voltage Landscape Bollard Lights In China in the fixtures, producing the same or sometimes a better effect, due to being more carefully controlled.

In every lighting system, some sky glow also results from light reflected from the ground. This reflection can be reduced, however, by being careful to use only the lowest wattage necessary for the lamp, and setting spacing between lights appropriately. A common criticism of full cutoff lighting fixtures is that they are sometimes not as aesthetically pleasing to look at.

This is most likely because historically there has not been a large market specifically for full cutoff fixtures, and because people typically like to see the source of illumination.

Due to the specificity with their direction of light, full cutoff fixtures sometimes also require expertise to install for maximum effect. The effectiveness of using full cutoff roadway lights to combat light pollution has also been called into question. According to design investigations, luminaires with full cutoff distributions as opposed to cutoff or semi cutoff , compared here [] have to be closer together to meet the same light level, uniformity and glare requirements specified by the IESNA.

These simulations optimized the height and spacing of the lights while constraining the overall design to meet the IESNA requirements, and then compared total uplight and energy consumption of different luminaire designs and powers. Cutoff designs performed better than full cutoff designs, and semi-cutoff performed better than either cutoff or full cutoff. This indicates that, in roadway installations, over-illumination or poor uniformity produced by full cutoff fixtures may be more detrimental than direct uplight created by fewer cutoff or semi-cutoff fixtures.

Therefore, the overall performance of existing systems could be improved more by reducing the number of luminaires than by switching to full cutoff designs. However, using the definition of "light pollution" from some Italian regional bills i. The Italian Lombardy region, where only full cutoff design is allowed Lombardy act no. The same legislation also imposes a minimum distance between street lamps of about four times their height, so full cut off street lamps are the best solution to reduce both light pollution and electrical power usage.

Several different types of light sources exist, each having a variety of properties that determine their appropriateness for different tasks.

Particularly notable characteristics are efficiency, and spectral power distribution. It is often the case that inappropriate light sources have been selected for a task, either due to ignorance or because more appropriate lighting technology was unavailable at the time of installation.

Therefore, poorly chosen light sources often contribute unnecessarily to light pollution and energy waste. By updating light sources appropriately, it is often possible to reduce energy use and pollutive effects while simultaneously improving efficiency and visibility.

Some types of light sources are listed in order of energy efficiency in the table below figures are approximate maintained values , and include their visual skyglow impact, relative to LPS lighting.

Many astronomers request that nearby communities use low pressure sodium lights or amber Aluminium gallium indium phosphide LED as much as possible, because the principal wavelength emitted is comparably easy to work around or in rare cases filter out.

In , for example, San Jose, California , replaced all street lamps with low pressure sodium lamps , whose light is easier for nearby Lick Observatory to filter out. Similar programs are now in place in Arizona and Hawaii. Such yellow light sources also have significantly less visual skyglow impact, [] so reduce visual sky brightness and improve star visibility for everyone. Disadvantages of low pressure sodium lighting are that fixtures must usually be larger than competing fixtures, and that color cannot be distinguished, due to its emitting principally a single wavelength of light see security lighting.

Due to the substantial size of the lamp, particularly in higher wattages such as W and W, control of light emissions from low pressure sodium luminaires is more difficult. For applications requiring more precise direction of light such as narrow roadways the native lamp efficacy advantage of this lamp type is decreased and may be entirely lost compared to high pressure sodium lamps.

Allegations that this also leads to higher amounts of light pollution from luminaires running these lamps arise principally because of older luminaires with poor shielding, still widely in use in the UK and in some other locations. Modern low-pressure sodium fixtures with better optics and full shielding, and the decreased skyglow impacts of yellow light preserve the luminous efficacy advantage of low-pressure sodium and result in most cases is less energy consumption and less visible light pollution.

Unfortunately, due to continued lack of accurate information, [] many lighting professionals continue to disparage low-pressure sodium, contributing to its decreased acceptance and specification in lighting standards and therefore its use. Another disadvantage of low-pressure sodium lamps is that some people find the characteristic yellow light very displeasing aesthetically. Because of the increased sensitivity of the human eye to blue and green wavelengths when viewing low-luminances the Purkinje effect in the night sky, different sources produce dramatically different amounts of visible skyglow from the same amount of light sent into the atmosphere.

In some cases, evaluation of existing plans has determined that more efficient lighting plans are possible. For instance, light pollution can be reduced by turning off unneeded outdoor lights, and lighting stadiums only when there are people inside. Timers are especially valuable for this purpose.

One of the world's first coordinated legislative efforts to reduce the adverse effect of this pollution on the environment began in Flagstaff, Arizona , in the U.

There, more than three decades of ordinance development has taken place, with the full support of the population, [] often with government support, [] with community advocates, [] and with the help of major local observatories, [] including the United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station.

Each component helps to educate, protect and enforce the imperatives to intelligently reduce detrimental light pollution. One example of a lighting plan assessment can be seen in a report originally commissioned by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister in the United Kingdom , and now available through the Department for Communities and Local Government.

In another example, the city of Calgary has recently replaced most residential street lights with models that are comparably energy efficient. The costs of installation are expected to be regained through energy savings within six to seven years. Thus, SAFE currently recommends an SEC of two to three watts per meter for roads less than ten metres wide four to six for wider roads.

Such a measure provides an easily applicable environmental protection constraint on conventional "norms", which usually are based on the recommendations of lighting manufacturing interests, who may not take into account environmental criteria.

In view of ongoing progress in lighting technology, target SEC values will need to be periodically revised downwards. Scientists at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 's Lighting Research Center have developed a comprehensive method called Outdoor Site-Lighting Performance OSP , which allows users to quantify, and thus optimize, the performance of existing and planned lighting designs and applications to minimize excessive or obtrusive light leaving the boundaries of a property.

OSP can be used by lighting engineers immediately, particularly for the investigation of glow and trespass glare analyses are more complex to perform and current commercial software does not readily allow them , and can help users compare several lighting design alternatives for the same site.

In the effort to reduce light pollution, researchers have developed a "Unified System of Photometry", which is a way to measure how much or what kind of street lighting is needed. The Unified System of Photometry allows light fixtures to be designed to reduce energy use while maintaining or improving perceptions of visibility, safety, and security. Using this new system of photometry, results from recent studies have indicated that replacing traditional, yellowish, high-pressure sodium HPS lights with "cool" white light sources, such as induction, fluorescent , ceramic metal halide , or LEDs can actually reduce the amount of electric power used for lighting while maintaining or improving visibility in nighttime conditions.

The International Commission on Illumination , also known as the CIE from its French title, la Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, will soon be releasing its own form of unified photometry for outdoor lighting. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about light pollution in the visible spectrum.

For information on pollution in the radio spectrum , see radio spectrum pollution. Excess artificial light in the environment. Play media. Main article: Over-illumination. This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: statistics on energy consumption are outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

September Main article: Glare vision. Main article: Satellite flare. Main articles: Over-illumination and Ecological light pollution. Main article: Ecological light pollution. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. December Learn how and when to remove this template message.

July Learn how and when to remove this template message. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. Incidents, causation, remedies". Experimental Biology. PMID Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. S2CID Darksky conference paper, Vienna, August Updated April June Starlight Reserves and World Heritage. Fuerteventura, Spain. Palomar Observatory : Caltech Astronomy.

Retrieved 20 December Retrieved 20 December � via www. Paris, boulevard St. Hachette et Cie. The Griffith Observer October, Science Advances.

Bibcode : SciA PMC Archived from the original PDF on Retrieved Archived from the original on Federal Communications Commission. March Energy Explained. Energy Information Administration. April 23, Remote Sensing.

Bibcode : RemS International Journal of Sustainable Lighting. In both cases target achievement is questionable. Physicians Join Light-Pollution Fight". International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 3 June But how much? ISSN Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Bibcode : PASP.. Retrieved November 16, Portland Press Herald, via Washington Post.

Retrieved June 12, ISBN Journal of Environmental Psychology. Behavioural Brain Research. Lighting Research and Technology. British Journal of Cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Chronobiology International. University of Connecticut Health Center. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved 4 March In Bartholomew, J. Urban Herpetology. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. Lim Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society.

Ecological consequences of artificial night lighting. Island Press. JSTOR Bibcode : Oecol. Coleoptera: Lampyridae in the city of Turin". Journal of Insect Conservation. ISSN X. Biota Neotropica. Annals of Applied Biology. Animal Behaviour. Animal Conservation. Bibcode : PLoSO Biological Reviews. Natural Areas Journal. Biological Conservation. Los Angeles Times.

National Geographic. National Geographic Society. November ESO Picture of the Week. Retrieved 13 May Astronomy Landscape Light Replacement Lens Picture of the Day.





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